番茄社区

Centring community at 染EL赂I冉膯E

In July 2023, UVic undergraduate and graduate students joined members of Tsawout and W̱SÁNEĆ First Nations for a ground-breaking archaeological field school in Cordova Bay. Centred in W̱SÁNEĆ oral history and local knowledge of the ancient ȾEL¸IȽĆE village site, the UVic-Tsawout 2023 Archaeological Field School explored the spatial and temporal depth of Indigenous history in the area, and worked to inform the future of the Cordova Bay community.

W̱SÁNEĆ communities and the District of Saanich have worked over several years to set out a vision in the Cordova Bay Local Area Plan for reconnecting Indigenous peoples with their ancestral village at ȾEL ̧IȽĆE, and to raise awareness about the implications of this history for our collective futures. As part of the work, Tsawout First Nation asked us to help document what lies just beneath the surface in this place.

Brian Thom, Associate Professor in Anthropology and co-lead for the fieldschool

The results of the archaeological work begin to emerge immediately, showing irrefutable proof of continuous and long history of Indigenous people on the lands and waters of Cordova Bay. In the intertidal zone, the team uncovered an ancient stone fish trap. At the village site, they discovered glimpses of village life – from artifacts to cooking features, and an abundance of diverse food remains from shellfish and herring to sea lion and elk, giving a glimpse into how the unique environments of the Cordova Bay area sustained people over the centuries.

“At every stage of our work, partnerships were crucial to the success of the project,” says Thom. “People at many levels of government, community and business stepped up to help the project come together.”

The Cordova Bay field school relied on the support of the District of Saanich, who provided permits and access to the waterfront public parks as sites for the digs, as well as security and site safety. Many District of Saanich staff visited the site, and recognized how their own operations could be improved to protect and honour places like this. 

The provincial government stepped in too, facilitating the permits needed to execute the work, and organizing a loan agreement with the Royal BC Museum for artifacts that had been previously collected from Cordova Bay. Plus, many provincial representatives visited the site, including our local MLA, Minister of Tourism, Sport and Culture, representatives from the Ministry of Indigenous Relations and Reconciliation, and the leadership of BC’s Archaeology Branch.

Thom tapped the professional archaeology community to provide additional expertise.  Principal Archaeologist from WSP, Heather Pratt, was invited to co-teach with Brian. Students benefitted from Pratt’s more than 30 years of professional fieldwork experience, paired with Thom’s expertise in community-engaged research.  Dr. Colin Grier from Washington State University and Dr. Lucinda Leonard from UVic’s School of Earth and Ocean Sciences provided their unique technical expertise, using ground penetrating radar on both land and in the inter-tidal area to guide the archaeological excavations.

Knowing that local residents must be meaningfully involved, Thom partnered with the Cordova Bay Association of Community Affairs (CBACA). Together, they made sure neighbours knew about the logistics of the summer’s excavation and had an opportunity to learn about the history of the area.

Throughout the dig, students hosted an information booth and welcomed neighbours and visitors to learn about the dig and the team’s findings. These efforts helped to educate and build goodwill in the community and led to crucial financial support from generous local donors. An impressive 10% of the funding needed to do this work was provided through a community donations!

The project’s primary partners, however, were local Indigenous governments, organizations and community members. While Thom kept lək̓ʷəŋən and W̱SÁNEĆ communities apprised of the work, Tsawout First Nation played a lead partner role. Tsawout welcomed the field school to their new bighouse in the first days of the project, where Elders from Tsawout, Tsartlip, and Tseycum shared with students essential teachings on how to carry themselves in work like this, and the significance of such work.  Tsawout continued to support throughout, including bringing students on field trips to explore sacred and ancestral spots in the area. 

Importantly, the field school involved Indigenous community members working alongside UVic students. Thom worked with the W̱SÁNEĆ School Board and the W̱SÁNEĆ Leadership Council (WLC) to select adult and youth learners from the community to participate in the field school and the Coast Salish Employment, Education and Training Society provided work and safety gear for Indigenous participants. In addition, the WLC offered teachings from cultural monitors on cultural protocols of taking care during excavation work.

This opportunity to work with local Indigenous communities to explore their connections and history on the land was the most important aspect of the field school, says Thom. He fondly recalls one moment, in particular, when children from a SENĆOŦEN language immersion camp visited the site. “The children stood in this ancient place and sang to their Elders in their own language for the first time in over 150 years,” says Thom. “This project wasn’t about extracting artifacts—it was about bringing Indigenous culture and community back to this ancestral place.” 

“The work of Indigenization and reconciliation can’t be done alone. We need to centre our research on communities’ goals if we are to make the kind of transformative change that the world needs,” he adds.

• Learn more about the UVic-Tsawout 2023 Archaeological Field School at ȾEL¸IȽĆE